Peruvian Development Profile - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2335 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? This paper intends to provide historical context to the push and pull factors that would prompt the average Peruvian citizen to immigrate from their birth nation to the United States, and view those factors through the lens of Marx analysis of the effect of private property on the formation of socioeconomic classes from The Communist Manifesto. Marx and Engels argue that the abolition of private property is fundamentally necessary to the creation of a communist society (Marx 1848: 22). This is based on the notion that private property is the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products, that is based on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of the many by the few, emphasizing that the act of owning land is not in itself producing any value to society (Marx 1848: 22). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Peruvian Development Profile" essay for you Create order Rather, the value produced by land comes as a result of the labor done on or with it, meaning the laborers are producing the wealth that, due to property ownership, the landowner then receives. The allowance of private property within a society, in Marx view, is itself the cause of the formation of socioeconomic classes†a system which places those who own the land perpetually above those who do not, and leaves those who do not in a position of relative powerlessness. The following historical contextualizations will demonstrate how Marx analysis of the effect of private property on the formation of socioeconomic classes helps to explain current and recent realities within Peru. Between 1970 and 1990 Peru faced a serious economic crisis which economists and historians attribute largely to the intense volatility in the domestic and global economy of its extraction-based economic growth model†the same model first established with the colonial extraction of silver and gold (Thorp 1987: 1). This economic crisis, and the sociopolitical realities and opportunities surrounding it which will be detailed below, was the primary cause of the immigration of Luis in the Immigration Narrative paper. Due to Perus geographic location and extractive resource industries utilizing outdated and unsafe practices, rural and underdeveloped regions of the nation are particularly susceptible to environmental catastrophes such as mud slides, fires, flooding, and intense periodic food insecurity. Worse yet, the government looks the other way as state-run and international resource extraction companies continue to destroy the environment and cause serious health crises within these rural regions. Environmental catastrophes have ravaged Peru for the last 45 years. The US company Occidental, Argentinian/Dutch Pluspetrol, Chinese National Petroleum Corporation, and Canadian Frontera Energy have all actively contributed to the contamination of Perus natural habitats and rural communities. The contaminated rivers, streams, lakes, lagoons, soils, gardens, game, [and] fish have contributed to epidemics, miscarriages, skin diseases, diarrhea and deaths predominantly impacting native populations (Hill 2017). Rights have been trampled over and ignored protest criminalized, communities divided, forest and spiritual sites destroyed, thousands of outsiders brought in as laborers, confidence in government eroded, and economic dependency fostered (Hill 2017). To survive in areas now without many of their natural sources of income, many have been forced into poorer working conditions in extractive companies and prostitution, which has resulted in alcoholism, suicide, and rampant STIs. 1.1 mi llion hectares of land have been declared environmental and health emergencies in the Corrientes, Maranon, and Tigre basins in 2013 and 2014, and hundreds of thousands more have been excluded from this declaration despite being equally contaminated (Hill 2017). Those that actually live and rely on the land for their survival are ignored and hold no power over its use, yet those that control the private property are permitted to utilize it for whatever means, regardless of the impact on the residents. Marx noted that the same problems of land ownership begetting economic inequality will be true of agriculture, which also suffers from the pressure of private property and is held back by the division of privately-owned land, which has prevented rural access to the industry. It can then be seen that those most effected by environmental destruction and unregulated industries are the rural, predominantly native, citizens. These are, by and large, the descendants of natives and non-whites who were never permitted land ownership in the same sense as the ruling Spaniards. The class system Marx describes as developing with the property-owning elite at the top, then, developed along racial lines within Peruvian society, placing white Spaniards at the top and natives at the bottom, and continue to form contemporary social, economic, and political realities within the nation. Neither in declaring its independence in 1824 nor in the recreation of the Republic of Peru in 1839 did the Peruvian government move to establish a strong, independent judiciary, or freedom of speech, press, and assembly†failures that prevented the nation from placing legitimate checks on corruption in the executive (Goldenberg 2017, Freedom 2017). In 1993, the Peruvian Constitution was amended to add protections for the freedom of press, though this has not prevented public figures from placing significant pressure on reporters to prevent the publicizing of news threatening the continuation of their power (Freedom 2017). The result of a lack of a truly free press and checks on corruption is the continued allowance of officials to influence rural growth patterns in their political and economic favor regardless of safety concerns raised. The race-based class structure continued through the post-colonial era and the initial divide, though slowly closed by ongoing political action , formed differing economic, sociocultural, and political realities between rural/native and urban/non-native populations. Natives and rural-dwelling citizens are thus significantly less likely to have a voice in both local and high-level governance, permitting politicians to easily disenfranchise them without serious repercussions. Peru has faced rampant corruption since the start of its fight for independence in 1821, with Presidential candidates garnering funding from foreign nationals and nations including the United States, Venezuela, and Argentina (Goldenberg 2017). Further, five of Perus most recent executives are currently in prison or are active fugitives from justice. Francisco Morales Bermudez, Perus military dictator who ruled from 1975 to 1980, is currently serving a sentence of life imprisonment for his role in the deaths of 23 people during the events of Operation Condor†an American-backed operation of political repression and state-imposed terror, and a prime example of how foreign influences have hindered Peruvian democratic and independent growth (Goldenberg 2017). Alberto Fujimori, Perus leader from 1990 to 2000 who closed the Congress, suspended the constitution, and purged the judiciary in a Presidential coup to increase his power was sentenced in 2009 to 25 years in jail for human rig hts violationsand later convicted of embezzlement and corruption (Levitsky 1999, Goldenberg 2017). President Alejandro Toldeo, who served from 2001 to 2006, currently faces extradition charges due to allegations that he accepted high-level bribes from the construction company Odebrecht†the same company that later bribed President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2016-2018), who currently resides in prison for accepting bribes and attempting to purchase votes. Kuczynski is also remembered for pardoning President Fujimori in 2017. President from 2011-2016, Ollanta Humala Tasso is currently in the same prison as his wife and Toledo while being investigated on money-laundering and conspiracy charges in addition to extrajudicial killings during his time as an army captain in the 1990s (Goldenberg 2017). The only living former head of state not incriminated so far is Alan Garcia, who has a legendary reputation for corruption and is currently being investigated for financial irregularities bet ween himself and, again, the construction company Odenbrecht. Most historians believe similar if not greater levels of corruption to be evident in a majority of administrations going back to the nations founding, though a lack of information and even fewer oversight mechanisms prevented them from incrimination. Politicians with overwhelming power over rural lands frequently resettle populations to environmentally unsafe and economically useless regions intentionally as a means of manipulating and garnering their votes (Hill 2017). This leads to a cyclical reliance on governmental support as rural communities are moved by politicians due to a lack of stable sources of income, put in regions unsafe due to both environmental and health-related disasters, then had their votes manipulated by a lack of access to free information and actual fraudulent voting, only to be moved again to restart the process. The result is poor, native, underrepresented, and rural citizens becoming the most impacted by natural disasters and the least able to access assistance. It is then clear that Perus executives, elected by urban populations often misinformed by manipulated media and rural populations whose votes are manipulated by candidates regularly, trend towards personal and macroeconomic interests over those of the people. This trend led to drastic income inequality and is rooted in a failed colonial empire, over-reliance on resource extraction, and a lack of strong checks on authority†all of which having created a system incentivizing the prioritization of self-interest over that of the people (Thorp 1987: 360). The lack of a right to protest has been, arguably, most notable in native communities that have been historically subjugated and recently deprived of any practical access to their contractual rights to free, prior, and informed consent over requests to access and utilize resources on their lands (Hill 2017). Though most notable in rural communities, Peruvians from almost all regions, income levels, and races see this rampant politic al corruption at the top of their federal government as undemocratic and continuing†prompting many to leave in hopes of finding a nation with an accessible government responsive to their needs. The primary methods of recourse for those forced to the bottom of the class system†political representation, protest, and publication†are inhibited, making it only more difficult to escape the rigid structure. The first of these recourses, political representation, is minimized clearly as a result of an intense power dynamic between rural residents and the urban politicians who govern them. In Marx view, this power gap comes as a result of the governing owning the land, and thus controlling the residency and habitat of the residents†a problem that exists as a result of centuries of racial systems built around private property ownership. Similarly, the rights to protest and free speech are vital in general, though much more so for those who lack political representation †the same group which, in Peru, have the least access to them as a result of geographic location and class structure. Massey and Denton detail in their book, ? ¬? ¬? ¬? ¬? ¬American Apartheid: Segregation and Making the Underclass, how racially segregated housing was manufactured by whites through a series of self-conscious actions and purposeful institutional arrangements that continue today (Massey, 1993). The impact of this is cyclical poverty, lower average voter turnout, increased crime and death rates, and lower rates of education. This practice effectively mirrors that of Perus rural shuffling†while the nation focuses on macroeconomic growth, it diverts its attention from ongoing racial segregation in housing that prevents upward class mobility in racial minorities and maintains the race-based class structure (Massey, 1993). This, however, is not the perception immigrants have of the United States when they are pulled towards it. Rather, immigrants perceive the U.S. as, in large part, having moved beyond the race-related issues of its past and of their countries present. This perception then pulls them towards the United States, despite similar issues existing, meaning the pull factor is not due to an objective reality but rather the reality perceived by the immigrant relative to their home or alternative options. Similarly, the desire to garner sociopolitical stability by leaving their home and coming to the U.S. is based on a lack of corruption†another conceptualization of the nation that is not entirely accurate, though obvious in relative relation to Peru. Coming from Peru to the United States, then, provided a stark contrast in socioeconomic class structure as, despite similar racial hierarchy issues, significant blockades on political corruption prevent contemporary, long-term, outright disenfranchisement from taking shape on the scale perceivable in Peruvian democracy. In addition, the large swaths of land available as the country expanded west permitted a larger percentage of the population to obtain private property. Though many of the same issues exist in the U.S., the extent to which they are the actively reproduced in the modern era is significantly lower, though, as detailed above, clearly still extant. In coming to the U.S., Peruvian immigrants, though likely expecting or hoping for a stark contrast with the race-based class relations in their home, would unfortunately be inclined to see very similar forms of hierarchy. Native Americans would still experience the worst of public infrastructure and representation, though for d ifferent reasons. Rural populations would still be more susceptible to disease, natural disaster, and economic crises, though they would arguably demonstrate a sharp contrast with Peruvian rural residents underrepresentation as rural Americans exercise disproportionately high representation in the federal government due to the structure of the U.S. Senate and Electoral College process. Finally, a system of private property ownership which began prior to the legalization or feasibility of land ownership by racial minorities, in addition to a long history of legalized subjugation and segregation, has created a race-based class system that, though distinct from Perus, offers striking similarities. The primary distinction, however, is that the Caucasian Spanish-descendants that would tend to reside in the middle or upper classes in Peru†due to historical land ownership and current racial hierarchies†would face a much more significant uphill battle in the United States where the Hispanic ethnic minority group faces serious contemporary pressure from sociopolitical and economic powers. Bibliography Dammert, Anna C. 2007 Child Labor and School Response to Changes in Coca Production in Rural Peru. Journal of Developmental Economics. Goldenberg, Sonia 2017 Does Peru Need a Special Prison Just for Ex-Presidents? New York Times. Aug 7. Hill, David 2017 $1bn to Clean up the Oil in Perus Northern Amazon. Guardian News and Media. Aug 3. Levitsky, Steven 1999 Fujimori and Post-Party Politics in Peru. Journal of Democracy 10.3. Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich 1848 Manifesto of the Communist Party. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Massey, Douglas and Denton, Nancy 1993 American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Freedom House 2016 Peru Country Report: Freedom of the Press. 2017 Freedom House. World Bank 2017 Peru Peru: Data. 2017 World Bank Group. Thorp, Rosemary 1987 Trends and Cycles in the Peruvian Economy. Journal of Developmental Economics.

Comparing Death And It Was Not Death, For I Stood Up

Write a critical commentary comparing and contrasting the two poems ‘Death’ and ‘It was not Death, for I stood up’ Indeed. in their respective poems it is evident that the poets George Herbert and Emily Dickinson are writing in two different centuries. Both differ in terms of style, language and the different way in which they approach the concept of death. However, despite their differences, both ‘Death’ and ‘It was not Death, for I stood up’ signify the fundamental features of death in the poems which reiterates death as biological despite some poems viewing death as an abstract being . In ‘Death’, Herbert explores an abstract interpretation of death and compares it to the literal features of death. In the first line death is referred to as an â€Å"[U]ncouth hideous thing,† (line 1), the word â€Å"uncouth† personifies death as a being as death is being described as lacking good manners. Death as being mannerless highlights the conventional image of death as a being that takes lives rather than being a natural thing. This image of death as a physical being can be argued as a conventional medieval ideology about death. Yet this fictitious interpretation of death is juxtaposed with the literal image of death as â€Å"Nothing but bones† (line 2). The biological decay to bones as a result of death contradicts this idea of death as an evil coarse being taking lives. 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The play, set in the kingdom of Denmark, gives an account of how Prince Hamlet seeks exact revenge on his uncle Claudius, for murdering his own brother and Prince Hamlet’s father. After assassinating King Hamlet, Claudius succeeds the throne and becomesRead MoreThe Color Purple ( Purple )998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay, I will be comparing The Color Purple (Purple), The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (Indian), and Just Mercy (Mercy). I am analyzing these three books because there is a theme of brokenness. In each book, their brokenness is apart of the characters rising above the stereotypes they were set to be. Through each hardship in each book, each character finds their strength to fight back against their brokenness through support of others, their selves, and the sto ries of others

Empowerment Transforming Power and Powerlessness Free Essays

The precise definition of transformational politics is a never ending issue in the governmental realm.   Consequently, Edward W. Schwerin stresses the idea in a connotation with deliberative state that such is a social and scholarly movement wherein such adherents are sharing an interest towards building a political community basically coherent to norms and other significant details in the concept of empowerment. We will write a custom essay sample on Empowerment: Transforming Power and Powerlessness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Conceivably, these factors that build up the connotation are also based on standards such as cooperation, grassroots democracy, equality, environmental awareness and other demonstrative dynamics which possess the ability to the implications and the answers to how these dynamics are able to gain what tends to be the root on how â€Å"politics† and the people shall actually change or live with political decisions. Obviously, Shwerin’s definition and characterization of empowerment is derived from the philosophical works of Plato as well as with the idea that empowerment is in point of fact dependent on how the individual believes how one can be empowered or be disempowered for that instance. To quote his line with regard to the definition of â€Å"empowerment†Ã¢â‚¬â€the process of gaining mastery over one’s self and one’s environment in order to fulfill human needs (p.81)—perhaps his ideological definition may be correct in the factual basis, but if collaborated with the contemporary scenario, empowerment is not only conquered through an individual’s conception on such idea, but it must also be given by the environment upon which that person who wants to achieve such will be vested in the most holistic sense possible. Further, it would also be taken to assumption that Schwerin’s basis for stressing his views on â€Å"empowerment† are too vague and broad that upon arguing on the aforementioned perspective as a composition of the following: â€Å"self-worth, self-effectiveness, piece of knowledge and of abilities, awareness on the political aspect, and participation on socially and politically inclined events—it may be taken to assumption that he is nevertheless referring on the ideological perspective alone on transformational politics and not barely lingering on the schemes of contemporary deliberation and analysis on empowerment. However, his views on mediation experiences (p.93)—as empowering factors on individuals who participate on the ‘activities’—may be acceptable in further delight.   Specifically, his prediction that mediation trainees shall have personal empowerment is a great ordeal on understanding empowerment and the objective of empowering those who are powerless, per se. On the aspect of â€Å"grouping† and on the mediation strategy towards building a highly empowered group, his research has led him good value worth the critical analysis.   As far as political threshold is concerned, it is indeed realistic to say that mediators possess the higher chance to achieve â€Å"empowerment† rather than those who do not get exposed on the organizational activity—those who are experienced shall have the highest empowerment scores—more experience, greater the chance.   In the classroom basis, a â€Å"group of leaders† will have the highest score of getting â€Å"empowered† than only those who are considered as â€Å"group of mediators†Ã¢â‚¬â€intensive training is effective at teaching recruits (Schwerin, 1995).   Precisely true enough to prove his worth on his research. Levels of personal empowerment may be brought upon by training and the acquisition of knowledge, so to speak.   But the â€Å"real† empowerment comes from experience—dispute resolution, bringing up conflicts to a formal legal system—all these are piously given ample importance in trying to distinguish the definition of â€Å"empowerment.†Ã‚   Hence on personal opinion, empowerment may come from â€Å"own† beliefs but making other people believe that one is capable of such â€Å"high regard† is the best empowering method to be taken into account. Reference Schwerin, E. W. (1995). Mediation, Citizen Empowerment, and Transformational Politics. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.       How to cite Empowerment: Transforming Power and Powerlessness, Essay examples

How does Baz Luhrmann build upon this in his 2001 film of the same name Essay Example For Students

How does Baz Luhrmann build upon this in his 2001 film of the same name? Essay Romeo and Juliet was written by British Playwright William Shakespeare. It was written relatively early in Shakespeare illustrious career. Romeo and Juliet has stood the test of time and is now a testimony to Shakespeares memory. The moral issues and tribulations created in Romeo and Juliet are still apparent in todays society. Baz Luhrmann saw this play as fertile ground to base his 1996 film of the same name. It can be argued that peoples expectations 600 years ago were a great deal lower than today. Directors did not have the access to the overabundance of special effects. Basic effects such as Stage lighting had yet been invented. All of these hindrances meant that the text had to completely involve the auidience. Shakesphere did this by using a variety of methods e.g in some plays he parioded the problems of the time e.g. in Macbeth Banquo, Macbeths friend was a direct descendent or James 1st for whom the play was written. Shakespeare was unable to employ the cineamagraphic skills used by Baz Luhrmann. William Shakespeare had to rely on elaborate language to convey his messages whereas Baz Luhrmann had a plethora of special effects at his disposal. Lurhmann is able to use the progressiveness of technology to convey a mood change using sound effects also lighting can also change to suggest a new character is about to enter. After the chorus the play opens with talk by the Capulet servants about the quarrels with the Montagues. This indicates to the audience that there is underlying fission between these two powerful families. Act 1 Scene 5 opens with the great hall of the Capulet house. Romeo is persuaded to go to the ball by Mercutio. The scenes leading up to Act 1 Scene5 show Romeo in a depression over Juliets cousin Rosaline. Romeo does not go to the ball searching for love the contrary is true, he is lovesick and does not expect to enjoy the ball at all. The moment that Romeo sees Juliet in the film they are separated by a Fish tank this is prefigurative of the struggle that they are to face also that is always some sort metaphorical barrier between them. The water represents wonderment; the feeling these two teenagers feel when they first gaze upon each other. This is a pivotal moment in the play and Shakespeare unable to use the cinematographic effects had to make sure the language captivated the audience; the language in this section is replete with epic imagery and antithesis. Romeo completely revises his views on love upon seeing Juliet his transition from lovelorn teenager to amazed man is swift and smooth and is powered by Juliets unrivalled beauty. To truly convey the way of Romeo has been struck with a metaphorical love bolt the scene is replete with imagery. The measure done, Ill watch her pla ce of stand, And touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. This intricate language shows how Shakespeare was able to captivate his audience with little apart from his use of highly structured language. Regular swipes are in Act 1 Scene 5. Romeo and Juliet will be together blissfully unaware of events happening around them then a swipe will occur with Tybalt, dressed in horns to signify a devil, noticing Romeo this is prefigurative as Tybalt is the one who even after his death manages to destroy the couple. The background music used when Romeo and Juliet are on screen fills us with stupefaction this is to denote their relationship. Plosives are used O she doth teach the torches to burn bright! to evoke an emotional response from the audience. Luhrmann is able to build upon this with sweeping camera views. Here hyperbole is used the language is resplendent with passion and eloquence. The mis-en-scene of Act 1 scene 5 is chosen with great care. Juliet is dressed as an angel to exemplify her angelic state with Romeo dressed as a knight in shining amour, come to take her away to live a happy life. Juliets father, Mr. Capulet is dressed as a Greek god to indicate his stubbornness perhaps . It is unlikely that Shakespeare had such a wide range of costumes to choose from when producing this play as Luhrmann had at his disposal. .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 , .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .postImageUrl , .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 , .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:hover , .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:visited , .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:active { border:0!important; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:active , .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955 .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a465c353318ae0a0837bcba302f8955:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelth Night Production of Act 2 Scene 5 EssaySonnets and rhyming couplets are used to give the writing depth and to vary the line length as are run on lines. Religious imagery runs the whole way through that conversation e.g. profane, holy shrine, sin, wrong, devotion, palmers, faith, despair, purged, trespass. Utilizing religious imagery would be a good way of connecting emotionally with the audience as in Shakespeares time as almost everyone was religious and believed in God. Act 3 scene 5 shows Romeo and Juliets first morning together after consummating their marriage. Luhrmann cast a part in the scene where Romeo and Juliet are inside the sheets. The sheets represent their own little cocoon where they are safe but as with much of the play they are not allowed to enjoy their moment of ecstasy the fat nurse comes bouncing in and Romeo is forced to make a majestic leap into the swimming pool and not landing on the hard concrete 5Ft away. At this point Juliet is understandably upset however Mrs. Capulet interprets this as sadness for the newly departed Tybalt (he also landed in water perhaps a connection). We will have vengeance for it- Where that same banished runagate doth live-Unaccustomed dram. This is perfigurative of the fact that Romeo takes his own life with poison later on in the play. The imperitive verb will is clearly confrontational. When Juliet refuses to marry Paris her father explodes to truly transmit the fathers anger Shakespeare instills the help of the metaphor. Out, you green sickness-carrion! Out, you baggage! You, tallow-face these expletives are terribly harsh. In the play we see Mrs. Capulet to be truly behind the father in the anger that they share in Juliets refusal to marry Paris however we see in Baz Luhrmann interpretation of the story we see the mother noticing Juliets point of view because perhaps she was forced into marriage with an older man yet her mothers leniency cannot help her when she feels the full force of her fathers rage. Close ups of Mr. Capulet allow the audience to feel the full force of his rage an advantage Mr. Shakespeare would not have had at his disposal. The Actions of Mr. Capulet in the film lead you believe that he is not the honorable man portrayed in the text. Beatings of his wife and grabbing his daughter violently are not shown in the original text thus Lurhmann adds additional layers of meaning by the virtue of his direction. To conclude Baz Luhrmann film can only be hailed as a success. It not only includes almost all of the text, thing which many modern book based films fail to do but is able to build upon that with the use of special effects and camera angles. While Shakespeare exceeded expectation 400 years ago Luhrmann has succeeded in achieving the same thing now

A Touch Of Elegance Essays - Audrey Hepburn, Dutch Nobility

A Touch Of Elegance What is needed in order to really become a star is an extra element which God gives you or doesnt give you. Youre born with it. You cannot learn it. God kissed Audrey Hepburn on the cheek and there she was (Harris 11). Seen as an angel by all those who adored her, Audrey Hepburn portrayed the true image of a Hollywood star. Her grace and elegance touched all those whom she met and her death brought sorrow to millions. Living her life as a princess, Audrey had everything she had ever dreamed of. But her journey to such an end was not easy. Living through the devastation of World War II was only one of the many struggles and triumphs Audrey had to face throughout her life. These events, which may have discouraged others, only added to the strength that emanated from her throughout her career. Born in Brussels, on May 4, 1929, to Baroness Ella van Heemstra Hepburn-Ruston and Joseph Victor Anthony Ruston, Audrey Kathleen van Heemstra Ruston encountered her first trial of life only twenty -one days after her birth (Paris 6). After contracting whooping cough the disease became so serious that Audrey stopped breathing. If it had not have been for the quick thinking of her mother and a slight spanking to start her breathing, Audrey would not have survived (Paris 7). There was no giving up on this baby, said her son, Sean, in later years, I think that had an effect on her whole life, [as if shed been given] a second chance (Paris 7). As she grew older Audrey traveled constantly between London and Brussels, and Arnhem and The Hague (Paris 7). Her brothers, Alexander and Ian, lived mainly with Ellas parents. Audreys family finally settled when she was two; Ella had grown tired of the situation and moved the entire family from Brussels to Castel Sainte-Cecile, a small estate near Linkebeek (Paris 7). At the age of five, Audreys mother sent her to a boarding school in England. As much as she disliked being away from her family, Audrey soon realized that it was a good lesson in independence (Paris 8). Although it may have been a good lesson, Audrey soon became shy and withdrawn. She failed to make any friends and could usually be found in the garden, hiding underneath a tree or bush (Harris 21). To make matters worse, Audreys parents were in the process of getting a divorce. She once said of the incident, The most traumatic event in my life was when my father left my mother (Harris 19). In the middle of the court proceedings, Audreys mother moved to London to be close to her daughter. There was an immediate change in Audreys personality. She soon became more open and made many friends, and she even made the honor roll (Harris 22). It was around this time that Audrey took up ballet, a passion that would consume her over up to the start of her film career. By the time Audrey was ten the tensions with Germany, Italy, and Japan in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia threatened to become worldwide if they were not stopped (Harris 22). Eventually, England and Fr ance declared war against Germany. Fearing what would become of her daughter if she remained in England, Ella pulled Audrey out of her London school and moved to neutral Holland (Harris 22). It would be a decision they would both regret. Audrey suffered a mild case of culture shock due to the quick move from England to Holland. She had been speaking English for the better part of her life and the move to Holland meant learning the Dutch language at record speed. That first morning in school I sat at my little bench, completely baffled. For several days I went home weeping. But I knew I couldnt just give up. I was forced to learn the language quickly. And I did, said Audrey on the experience (Harris 25). Peace in Holland did not last long. Five days after Audreys eleventh birthing in 1940 the Germans invaded and captured Arnhem (Harris 27). As the war raged on the Nazis began rounding up men between the ages

Free Essays on Technology In Schools

The Power of Technology in Schools The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practice new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer based communications, or Telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact in most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded in such a way in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances, face to face via compu... Free Essays on Technology In Schools Free Essays on Technology In Schools The Power of Technology in Schools The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practice new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer based communications, or Telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact in most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded in such a way in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances, face to face via compu...

Introduction to Organisations and Management Assignment - 1

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Assignment Example Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. The first and foremost responsibility of a good manager is creating an atmosphere in which people from different disciplines and departments in the organization can form teams for successful accomplishments of projects. Moreover the work of each individual and teams need to be observed closely so that they may be recognized for their efforts if their work is up to the standards or they may be helped in improving the quality of their work. The next job is to improve efficiency of individuals and teams through employ development programs, stress management drills and achieving the right combination of teams according to the nature of the project. There are certain steps involved in the management and organization and the success lies with the correct execution of these steps. These steps include planning, organizing, leading and controlling. An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose. Organizations have a distinct purpose which is achieved by the correct composition of people who carry out the assigned tasks following a specified structure. In the present scenario, a good organization should have flexible work arrangements, employee work teams and open communication systems with a healthy organizational culture. Organizations are changing because the world around them has changed and is continuing to change. These economic, societal and technological changes have created an environment in which the organizations have to adopt new and innovative organizational techniques and objectives to achieve success. An analysis of two companies based on flexible work arrangements, employee work teams, communication systems and organizational culture is presented in the following pages. Organizational Design and Structure The organizational structure is critical for a company as well as for its employees. The success or failure of a company depends highly on the organizational structure of the company. Moreover a good organizational structure gives provides better opportunities to the employees to progress, hence the success of individuals as well as company depends on the organizational structure. Organizational structure essentially means the way in which a company makes use of its resources, human resources in particular. The organizational structure of the company determines the chain of command in a company by setting a framework in which individuals are generally divided into groups who report to certain individuals in the management. A successful organizational structure is the one which is flexible and can adapt to the changing trends and conditions. The classic rigid styles of organizational structure in which individuals are divided into certain departments and each department performs a specific function are diminishing now. The new organizational struc tures are based on the changing market trends, global competition and the arrival of technology. The objective behind a flexible organizational structure is to make it capable of aligning with the changing trends so that it may create new opportunities. In order to create new products or services and to target new consumer

Describe and discuss what, in your opinion, are the main difficulties Essay

Describe and discuss what, in your opinion, are the main difficulties facing Records Managers attempting to manage the electronic records of an organisation - Essay Example Unless these challenges are addressed, valuable government information may be lost forever (Bearman 1990; Cox 2000; Dearstyne 2002; Veatch 2002; and Kurtz 2004). Electronic records management or ERM that is mainly managing and preserving access to digital records is not and never will be easy; but it is not an impossible task. ERM provides a digital environment for capturing electronic documents and applying standard records management practices. Supporting the medium to long term information management needs of the business, it manages a corporate filing structure, document classification within the filing structure and formal retention and disposition scheduling. This is based on an approved disposition and review schedule of the organization (eGovernment 2001). The following three events noted by Kurtz (2004) speak of the value of maintaining sensible ERM practice today. They point to neglect of preserving information and ignoring the impact of technology. First, in March 2002, the FBI's handling of the investigative records of the Timothy McVeigh case was attributed to outmoded computer systems and systemic information management problems that created a last-minute delay in the execution of McVeigh. According to the report, thousands of pages of FBI investigation reports were not turned over to McVeigh's lawyers before the trial due in part to antiquated computer systems that could not locate and retrieve the needed information. Timothy James McVeigh was an American convicted of eleven federal offenses and ultimately executed as a result of his role in the April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City bombing. He is commonly referred to as the Oklahoma City bomber. The bombing, which claimed 168 lives, was the deadliest act of terrorism in U.S. history until the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center in New York, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in U.S. history (Cole 1996). Second, on September 11, 2001, the tragic events at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon highlighted the importance of having continuity of operations plans in the event of a disaster. In both places, business operations were affected because critical information was destroyed. Without such plans, agency information assets and future business operations and services are at risk (Kurtz 2004). Third, numerous allegations have been made concerning the Departments of Interior and Treasury destroying Indian trust account records related to a class action lawsuit filed against the Government. The plaintiffs allege that the Government has mismanaged and lost information on individual Indian trust accounts that will deprive the plaintiffs of billions of dollars in royalties (Kurtz 2004). This paper looks into the main difficulties facing records managers attempting to manage the electronic records of an organisation. They include old ways of operation, patchy compliance to laws, absence of corporate control, the dysfunctional ways archivists look at records, resistance of archivists to changes, governments and universities ignoring ERM, leadership void, lack of guiding principles, diminished role of archivists and records managers in information policy, and lack of competency of archivists and records mangers. In this paper, the terms "archivists" and "records managers" are used interchangeably. DIFFICULTIES Old ways of Operation. Prior to

LAND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

LAND LAW - Essay Example The general rule is that contracts are not transmissible and cannot be enforced against third parties. However, this rule is not absolute and admits exception as when real rights are affected then the terms and conditions of the contracts entered into by other persons may be enforced or deemed binding upon said thirds parties and acquiescence or recognition of rights bestowed is rendered compulsory. A natural person or juridical entity therefore is free to enter into an agreement to exercise dominion or ownership over a property. Ownership of a real property in fee simple excludes all others from the enjoyment and possession thereof giving the owner complete and unconditional rights over the property to cede, dispose, transfer, mortgage or otherwise alienate it in a manner not contrary to law, public policy and good morals. An owner’s unbridled right or dominion over the property should be mindful of the rights of others to peaceful co-existence. It should not be a nuisance as to usurp the rights of others to freely enjoy fruits or benefits of their properties as well. Legal concerns are presented by Mineral Ventures resulting in its acquisition over the freehold owned by Leo through foreclosure proceedings after he defaulted in the payment of the loan he procured in 2007. Though Leo voluntarily vacated the premises, the problem arose when he removed a number of huts built in 2004 which were attached individual plinths that served as offices and facilities for his employees. Another issue which must be equally given attention is the claim of ownership of Reckless Rail (RR) over the one mile railway track connected from the freehold to the national railway system. RR now asserts its ownership over the railway track as Leo defaulted in the payment of the annual installment. Pursuant to its agreement with Leo, RR shall retain ownership over the track until it is fully compensated for its supply and fitting of concrete sleepers and steel rails. Mineral Ventu res wants to find out if it has rights to run after Leo for the return of huts he removed and if Mineral Ventures can sell the freehold with the railway track without recognizing RR’s rights over it. Elementary is the rule that Leo as the landowner can validly enter and in fact had entered into a legal property mortgage agreement with Mineral Ventures covering Prospect Hills to keep Leo’s business operations afloat. Prior to the execution of the real estate mortgage, it is likewise indisputable that Leo had executed a binding and enforceable commercial contract agreement with RR. Under the agreement between Leo and RR, it was mutually consented and stipulated that the ownership of the railways RR installed in Prospect Hills stretching towards the national railway shall be retained by it until the annual installments are paid in full. On the first issue posed by Mineral Ventures if it has legal standing to demand for the return of the huts or in the alternative, entitle d to be indemnified or to recover the cost of the huts, it must first be determined whether the huts are considered immovable or real property and movable or personal property. A property is considered as immovable by its nature if it is land, roads, mines, quarries and others of similar nature. A structure however is characterized as an immovable property if it is incorporated or adhered to the soil in a fixed or permanent manner

Environment Management Strategies

Environment Management Strategies Human existence is indispensably related closely with the nature. Because, there are direct or indirect interactions between human and its environment. Human activities are mainly about concerning their common needs and any further specific life requirement. Fortunes are on their hands, because majority of the materials they need can be discovered in many ways on earth, and that is why interaction of both parties is inevitable. It is clear that there are causal impacts that involved within the ecosystem. Generally, human as the creature who has needs and desires, have intention to take advantages from nature and its environment, in any good or bad term. But, unfortunately there are some indications that human over enforcing their greed. The desire of fulfilling needs somehow able to give reverse impact. Some are malicious and not beneficial at all. As time goes by, the nature gives some concrete unpleasant feedback. Controllable or not, there are some disasters that come over. Howeve r, some undesirable effects somehow caused by the human itself, it is the result of reckless human who do not seek any bad possibilities coming in the future if they dont being responsible to the mother nature. That is why; environmental management is severely needed, and should be one of the considerations in any action when generating interaction with environment. In every business, there are so many aspects to be concerned about. There may be a huge consideration of its own product development aspects, human and capital management, customer relationship or even market research and strategy. However, sometimes theres a little crack that overlooked, this crack in time can be a very crucial and destructive intervention. A kind of crack that mostly forgotten is about environmental management. Yes, I do agree that human is the ruler of this world. This lovely mother nature is completely in human hands. They are a very intelligent yet powerful creature on earth, theyve got the brain and intuition. But the greed is the biggest human flaw, they easily forgotten about possibilities they may cause in their activities. In big or even small scale of business, nothing can be an exception for this issue. First of all lets take a look for a small and simple example, culinary and food business. People may not consider this, because this is a very common thing that used to happen in daily life. Some food business has their own way to pack their food. The packaging they use to wrap food should be a thing to reconsider. Because, after consumer eat the food inside, the packaging is no longer needed and just easily thrown away, and instantly become a garbage. And what kind of garbage it is, is important to be noticed. Its okay if they use paper wrapper, because it is still can be recycled and even better if they use recycled paper, because that means they still consider this issue. But unfortunately, how about them who use styrofoam? Hey, it can be the simplest form of eventual earth destruction. Styrofoam is hardly disposed, if buried it can infect the soil. Then imagine how many thousand businesses on earth that did it that way? How many million people who bought their stuff that way? It is a massive motion of earth destruction. Well, thats only a simple of one kind of businesses. How about other kind of businesses on earth? How about other gazillions trashes and garbage that human make? How irritating to see this mother nature get dirtier each day. And also theres another fact. The Environmental Protection Agency reports the United States produces approximately 220 million tons of garbage each year. This is equivalent to burying more than 82,000 football fields six feet deep in compacted garbage. There are no statistics readily available for the entire planet, but considering the United States makes up about 4% of the worlds population, this is a LOT. It could be estimated that the entire planets yearly production of garbage to be somewhere in the vicinity of 4 to 5 BILLION tons. Well, that is true, and inevitable that human may cause it, but however there are still some prevention and overcoming methods to solve this problem. It can be in many ways and methods. Year by year human starts to realize the importance of this issue, which is why some methods of saving environment eventually emerged. Well, those are some short review about environmental management in smaller scale, now lets take a closer look at environmental management in big scale, which will be described and explained thoroughly after this section. The next review is mainly based on material of study of C.J. Barrows book of Environmental Management for Sustainable Development Chapter 1 and 2. This book comprised a very closer look of environmental management that strongly elaborated in multidimensional aspects, which is very interesting and important. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Environmental management is very crucial part oh human aspects that need to be deeply considered. It seeks to steer the development process to take advantage of opportunities, avoid hazards, mitigate problems, and prepare people for unavoidable difficulties by improving adaptability and resilience. It is a process concerned with human-environment interactions, and seeks to identify: what is environmentally desirable; what are physical, economic, social and technological constraints to achieving that; and what the most feasible options are. Actually there can be no concise universal definition of environmental management, however it can be briefly summarized in this aspects: supporting sustainable development; demands multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or even holistic approach; it should integrate and reconcile different development viewpoints; co-ordinate science, social, policy making and planning; proactive process; timescales and concern ranges from local to global; stresses st ewardship rather than exploitation; and dealing with a world affected by human. In other way, environmental management can be explained as methods of ways when dealing issues due to the importance to improve environmental stewardship by integrating ecology, policy making, planning and social development. The goals include: sustaining and if possible improving existing resources; preventing and overcoming environmental problems; establishing limits; founding and nurturing institutions that effectively support environmental research, monitoring and management; warning of threats and identifying opportunities; where possible improving quality of life; and finally identifying new technology or policies that are useful. And moreover, actually environmental management may be subdivided into number of fields, including: Environmental economics Sustainable development issues Environmental assessment, modeling, forecasting and hand-casting Corporate environmental management activities Pollution recognition and control Environmental enforcement and legislation Environmental and development institutions and ethics Environmental management systems and quality issues Environmental planning and management Assessment of stakeholders involved in environmental management Environmental perceptions and education Community participation Natural resources management Environmental rehabilitation Environmental politics Environment aid and institution building Generally, the environmental managers must ensure there is optimum balance between environmental protection and allowing human liberty. Then, the question is how it can be done? Basically there are several steps in environmental management implementation. First, we need to identify goals and define problems, then determine appropriate actions, which will be continued as draw-up plan. Next, implement the plan, which followed by ongoing development management. After that keep monitor and evaluate the situation. If there are adjustments needed, do it. Then finally when the exact model of environmental management is generated, continuous development will be able to be conducted. Moreover there are some plenty approaches to environmental management which can be seen below: Ad hoc approach: approach developed in reaction to a specific situation Problem-solving approach: follows a series of logical steps to identify problems and needs to implement solutions Systems approach: for example, Ecosystem Agro-ecosystem. Regional approach: mainly ecological zones or bio-geophysical units, which may sometimes be international. For example, Watershed River basin Coastal zone Island Command area development authority Administrative region Sea. Specialist discipline approach: often adopted by professionals, For example, Air quality management Water quality management Land management Environmental health Urban management Ocean management Human ecology approach Tourism management Conservation area Management. Strategic environmental management approach Voluntary sector approach:: environmental management by, or encouraged by NGOs. For example, Debt-for-nature swaps Private reserves Ginger groups which try to prompt environmental management Private funding for research or environmental management. Commercial approach: environmental management for business/public bodies Political economy or political ecology approach Human ecology approach THE EVOLUTION Through the ages, human starts to realize to understand the importance of environmental management in sustainable development method. However, in years during the development there were changes and evolution among the concept. For example, in 1930s the Soviet Union fascist regime and even briefly USA explored state manipulation of development. However few tried to shift laizzes faire attitudes toward environmental management before 1960s. Then finally since 1970 environmental management appeared as problem solving field, providing practical assistance. However before 1900s it still paid limited attention to social issues. In 1970s human also realized that it has to cope with changes of fashion, variations, changing technological capabilities, social capital, social values, skill, confidence and many other variables. And also, by the time there were ethics concern classifications in four groups: Technocratic environmental ethics = resource-exploitative, growth-oriented; Managerial environmental ethics = resource-conservative, oriented to sustainable growth; Communalist environmental ethics = resource-preservationist, oriented to limited to zero growth; Bioethicist or deep ecology environmental ethics = extreme preservationist, a anti-growth. Group 1 is anthropocentric and places faith in the capacity of technology to overcome problems. Group four is unlikely to attract support from enough people to be viable approach, and offers little guidance to environmental managers. Meanwhile the ethics of group 2 and 3 were more likely to support sustainable development and provide guidance for environmental management. By the way theres another grouping of environmental management: Anthropocentric- human welfare is placed before environment or biota; Ecocentric focused on ecosystem conservation Biocentric organisms are seen to have value per se CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Related to the environmental issues, there are some problems emerged in the surface. Eventually problems come from small to huge scale range. There are some possibilities of environmental problems such as pollution, soil erosion, over-fishing, loss of forest, and physical surrounding changes. Environmental stress may be caused by human activities (e.g. resource exploitation, urban growth, warfare, globalization, capital penetration and technological change). Environmental management may need to modify the activities and ethics of individuals, groups and societies to achieve its goals. There are three main approaches, which can be adopted to try to do that: Advisory This is a method, which can be conducted through education, demonstration, media and public advice Economic or fiscal This is an approach, which can be conducted through taxation, grants, subsidies and trade agreements Regulatory This is an approach, which can be implemented through laws, restrictions, licensing and zoning. Hopefully these approaches can effectively help environment to be in better condition. However, environmental managers should be able to face the problems nicely by choosing suitable methods and approaches in given situation. CONCLUSION Environmental management is evolving and spreading. It has still to be adequately adapted to suit all conditions, and will continue to get developed as well as the growing number of human activities that related to its interaction to the environment. Environmental management demands a proactive approach to development and must integrate closely with other disciplines. Without proactive environmental management, development is unlikely to be sustainable and people will be more vulnerable to disasters. Considering that the world and its resources are finite, yet human demands and population continues to increase, sustainable development is the key issue to be concerned about. However, even though there are no one single approach to environmental management, there are key concepts and tools to choose from. Sufficient environmental managers should be able to identify suitable strategies and tools best suited for a given situation. A precautionary and proactive approach is wise to be impl emented when sustainable development is a serious goal to be considered.

Marine Biology :: essays research papers

MARINE BIOLOGY CASE STUDY LAB - PART 2 Analysis 1. By running the programming with a fish.dat file containing the information for a 2 x 2 tank size, and changing the starting positions for fish A, B, and C, according to the problem, I was able to evaluate the random sequence of steps taken by each fish. The fish move in sequence of A, B, and then C. Then they move according to open slots. If a fish is covered on both sides by another fish, it is unable to move and, therefore, stays in that exact position. Analysis 2. The following is a diagram of what we predicted for the outcome of the default configuration: A C E _ B H D F G And this is a diagram of where the fish actually moved to when running the program with the current configuration: A C E D B H F G _ My prediction was inaccurate because I did not move the fish in their correct order. Instead, I proceeded to move the fish in the order of whichever came closer to an open space. Analysis 3. The 1000 x 1000 matrix was unable to display any data visible to the user on the console. It exceeds the screens limit of display. I discovered that the largest matrix possible for the console would be a matrix with the size of 23 x 79. Every time that I ran the program with these specifications, I found that the fish always traveled the first step down (a total of 10 tries). Analysis 4. When that data file contains two fish located within the same spot, the executable displays at the top of the console error, attempt to create fish at non-empty: (4,4), and then goes on to only display the first fish, A. Analysis 5. The sequence of fish positions does matter when you want certain fish names at certain locations within the